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Liệu pháp thay thế hormone dùng trong phòng ngừa và điều trị các triệu chứng sau mãn kinh như rối loạn vận mạch, loãng xương, tim mạch… tuy có hiệu quả nhất định nhưng đe.. [..]
Liệu pháp thay thế hormone dùng trong phòng ngừa và điều trị các triệu chứng sau mãn kinh như rối loạn vận mạch, loãng xương, tim mạch… tuy có hiệu quả nhất định nhưng đem lại nhiều tác dụng không mong muốn như tăng nguy cơ tim mạch, thuyên tắc mạch, ung thư vú, ung thư niêm mạc tử cung, rong kinh… Do đó, các thuốc có nguồn gốc từ thảo dược ngày càng được xem là một lựa chọn an toàn, hiệu quả.
1. Điều chỉnh lối sống Đây là bước đầu tiên trong quá trình kiểm soát các triệu chứng mãn kinh - Giảm cân ở những người thừa cân, béo phì. Ở phụ nữ có BMI > 30 kg/m2 khả năng gặp triệu chứng bốc hỏa tăng gấp 2 lần so với phụ nữ có BMI < 25 kg/m2. - Hút thuốc lá cũng làm tăng mức độ nặng và thường xuyên của các cơn bốc hỏa. - Tập thể dục thể thao, chế độ ăn uống lành mạnh, nhiều rau củ trái cây không chỉ tăng cường sức khỏe mà còn làm giảm các triệu chứng mãn kinh, nguy cơ tim mạch, ung thư vú và loãng xương. - Liệu pháp tự nhiên như yoga trong 8-10 tuần hoặc khí công 30 phút mỗi ngày trong 12 tuần làm giảm đáng kể mức độ nặng và tần số các triệu chứng mãn kinh và cải thiện chất lượng giấc ngủ. - Châm cứu và ngải cứu có thể cải thiện các triệu chứng ở một số phụ nữ. 2. Điều trị bằng thảo dược Phytoestrogen hay estrogen thực vật
|
Các nhóm phytoestrogen |
Nguồn thực phẩm |
|
Isoflavon |
Các loại họ đậu: đậu nành, đậu răng ngựa, đậu lăng, đậu đỏ… |
|
Lignan |
Hạt lanh, đậu lăng, ngũ cốc nguyên hạt và các loại đậu khác |
|
Coumestan |
Chẽ ba đỏ, hạt hướng dương, bắp cải |
Phytoestrogen có thể làm giảm các triệu chứng vận mạch ở một mức độ nhất định. - Đậu nành được cho là có lợi do isoflavon đậu nành có tính oxi hóa, ức chế tăng sinh và chống sự tạo mạch. Do đó, phytoestrogen có thể làm giảm nguy cơ ung thư vú. - Ung thư tử cung: chưa có nhiều dữ liệu Liệu pháp tác động trung ương - Cây nữ lang: thường được dùng điều trị mất ngủ song chưa có bằng chứng rõ ràng về lợi ích liên quan đến mãn kinh - St John’s wort: một số nghiên cứu cho thấy dùng kết hợp với thiên ma giúp làm giảm triệu chứng Thảo dược khác - Tinh dầu anh thảo chiều - Khoai mỡ - Vitamin E
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